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les exemples
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There are no turnover thresholds.
ولا توجد عتبات لحجم الأعمال.
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The domestic effect of the project was undisputed and the turnover threshold requirements were also fulfilled.
ولم يكن هناك نزاع على أثر المشروع على المستوى المحلي واستوفيت أيضاً الشروط المتعلقة بعتبة حجم الأعمال.
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Very small unincorporated business (determined by turnover thresholds) does not need to keep accounts and pays lump sum taxes based on the type of business.
فلا يتعين على مؤسسات الأعمال الفردية البالغة الصغر (التي تحدد استناداً إلى حدود قصوى لرقم الأعمال) أن تحتفظ بحسابات بل إنها تدفع كضريبة مبلغاً مقطوعاً يحدد بحسب نوع العمل.
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Whether large firms have more productivity or a better export performance because of such factors as economies of scale or scope in production or product development, deeper pockets or easier access to raw materials or credit; Whether they are as quick to exit the market as small firms; The definition of size in this connection, the export performance of medium-sized firms in developed countries and whether there are any differences in these respects in developing countries; The national champion argument, and whether there is any conflict between the competitiveness of firms and competition in the domestic market or whether, instead, domestic competition contributes to export performance; The difficulties in specifying a clear legal standard and determining the effects of a merger on competition or efficiency, including what market share or turnover thresholds should be set for notification of mergers or intervention by the competition authority; Whether and how certain factors might be taken into account in the merger review process, such as whether sales are in domestic or export markets, market structure, the likelihood of abuses of dominance, the industry history of economies of scale, competition in downstream markets, effects on employment, gains in innovation or transfer of technology, or the indirect effects of productivity gains in infrastructure industries for exports; The size of potential efficiency gains that might be expected from a merger; The experiences, current enforcement policies and institutional structures of the Republic of Korea in this area, which had involved an evolution from national champion policies to strict enforcement of competition policy.
(و) ما إذا كانت هناك عوامل محددة ينبغي أخذها في الحسبان في عملية استعراض عمليات الاندماج وكيفية ذلك من قبيل ما إذا كانت المبيعات تتم في الأسواق المحلية أو أسواق الصادرات، والهيكل السوقي، واحتمال إساءة استعمال الوضع المهيمن، وتاريخ الصناعة في مجال وفورات الحجم، والمنافسة في الأسواق الأمامية، وآثار ذلك على العمالة، والمكاسب في مجال الابتكار أو نقل التكنولوجيا، أو الآثار غير المباشرة المترتبة على المكاسب الإنتاجية في صناعات الهياكل الأساسية المعدة للتصدير؛