les exemples

• The workshop had addressed a number of issues, including: environmental degradation in the Niger delta; the monitoring of deforestation in Nigeria; mapping/monitoring of aggressive gully erosion and land degradation in south-eastern Nigeria; assessment of the consequences of the construction of dams and the regulation of the flow of surface waters on agriculture and other socio-economic activities in northern Nigeria; water recharge for the depleted upper aquifer of the Chad Basin in Nigeria; and the potentials of the satellite “NigeriaSat-1” for geological mapping and mineral exploration in Benue Trough.
  وتناولت حلقة العمل عددا من المسائل، منها: التدهور البيئي في دلتا نهر النيجر؛ ورصد إزالة الغابات في نيجيريا؛ ورصد التحات الأخدودي الشديد وتدهور الأراضي في جنوب شرقي نيجيريا ورسم الخرائط ذات الصلة؛ وتقييم الآثار الناجمة عن تشييد السدود وتنظيم تدفق المياه السطحية لأغراض الزراعة وغيرها من الأنشطة الاجتماعية - الاقتصادية في شمالي نيجيريا؛ وإعادة التغذية المائية لطبقة المياه الجوفية العليا المستنفدة في حوض تشاد في نيجيريا؛ وإمكانيات الساتل ”NigeriaSat-1“ فيما يتعلق برسم الخرائط الجيولوجية واستكشاف المعادن في منخفض بنيو.
• The environmental impact assessment shall be based on a description of the environmental conditions before the start of the project activity, both within the project boundary and in areas outside the project boundary likely to be affected by the project, and the likely changes according to, inter alia, the following potential effects: Land forms and soils: Slope, bank or shore instability; Real, gully or shore erosion; Loss of nutrients and organic matter; Decrease or alteration of microflora and microfauna; Decrease in cation-exchange capacity; Soil compaction; Laterization; Rutting and swamping of soils; Burial of downslope soils as a result of excessive erosion and sedimentation Water resources: Decreased infiltration and groundwater recharge; Increased storm run-off; Decreased base flow, lose dependable year-round discharge; Local ponding of water; Increased turbidity; Accelerated eutrophication; Contamination of waters with hydrocarbons, biocides and wood preservatives; Increased sediment loads, with a detrimental effects on channel stability, waterlife, useful reservoir life, navigation; Loss of excess fertilizer from fertilized plantation, which may accelerate the eutrophication; Return water from irrigated plantations which may be saline; Invasion of crop land, clogging of drainage tiles and withdrawal of water from irrigation ditches by tree roots from shelter belts.
  ويرتكز تقييم الآثار البيئية على وصف الشروط البيئية قبل البدء بنشاط المشروع، ضمن حدود المشروع وفي المناطق الواقعة خارج حدوده والمرجح أن تتأثر به، والتغيرات المرجح حدوثها وفقاً لجملة أمور منها الآثار المحتملة التالية: